Gender Based Pay - 1060 Words

Over the generations society’s view of women has changed drastically; but these changes are not done yet. It will still take a long time for the necessary changes to occur. The stereotypical view of women is for them to be house wives. Their duties are to take care of the home and children; clean the home, dishes, laundry, and feed and raise the children to name a few. The Huff Post stated in an article, â€Å"Women still earned only 77 cents for every dollar that men earned in 2012, according to new data from the U.S. Census Bureau† (Women). Many forms of legislation have been put into place over the years to try and correct this but it is still a major problem today. Legislation such as the Lilly Ledbetter Fair Pay Act, Equal Employment†¦show more content†¦This legislation also does not take into account that women, if they are the primary care giver, will need to take extra time off for children. With this in mind, the employers can pay a male more with the reasoning that they are not a liability to the company. Males will not have to leave early due to children; they will not have to take time off ahead of time for children’s activities, and will also not have to leave for emergencies with children. This legislation has a large loophole that lets employers do this. (Equal Pay Act) By closing this loophole, women will also be able to break the â€Å"glass ceiling†. Merriam-Webster dictionary defines that glass ceiling as, â€Å"an unfair system or set of attitudes that prevents some people (such as women or people of a certain race) from getting the most powerful jobs† (Merriam-Webster). The last act mentioned, the Equal Employment Opportunity Act, only guarantees the persons a chance at the job, or the possibility of getting the job. This means that when an employer is hiring, they must advertise that they are not discriminating. The company cannot refuse to interview a person on the basis of religion, sex, gender, age, or race. This act does not guarantee that the employer can hire based on these criteria. A company can hire they’re ideal persons from a large group and pick out only males if the interviewer prefers males. This is a loophole that needs to be closed.Show MoreRelatedGender Based Pay And Promotion Discrimination1104 Words   |  5 PagesAlvarez and Moser explore the claims of gender-based pay and promotion discrimination that is fast emerging as the latest challenge for employers seeking to reduce litigation risks. These claims are from recent jury verdicts, pending legislation in Congress, and headline-grabbing court decisions. These court de cisions and legislative initiatives raise the specter of a flood of class claims against employers for pay and promotion discrimination. I will use this source for ground for my argument. ItRead MoreThe Civil Rights Movement : Harvey Milk1583 Words   |  7 Pagesco-found the Street Transvestite Action Revolutionaries (STAR), whose main goal was to help homeless youth, drag queens, and women of color, and become part of the Gay Liberation Front (GLF), who â€Å"sought political action and protection for citizens based on their sexual orientation or behavior against oppressive laws and unequal ethics†(nms5746). While life on the streets was hard, Johnson refused to be left out of the fight for equality and continued to press forward in attempts to weaken the holdsRead MoreCollective Identity Within The Gay Community And Women s Liberation Movement Essay2212 Words   |  9 Pagescollective identity as â€Å"the shared definition of a group that derives from member’s c ommon interests, experiences, and solidarity† (Whittier 105). The gay community was being oppressed for their sexuality while women were being suppressed based on their gender. Although both communities formed collective identities, they experienced numerous obstacles in unifying their movements, the most notable being race and ethnicity. Since both groups were being discriminated against due to factors out of theirRead MoreGender Inequality During The Civil Rights Movement1480 Words   |  6 Pagesbeen based on an ancient but outmoded belief that a man, because of his role in society, should be paid more than a woman even though his duties are the same† (Karr 81). Socially constructed gender roles have led to gender inequality throughout society, but sex-based discrimination is most prevalent in the workplace. During the Civil Rights Movement, gender inequality was targeted with a number of movements that promoted equality, including the Equal Pay Act of 1963. This Act requires equal pay forRead MoreGender Inequality Of The Financial Sector1498 Words   |  6 PagesGender Inequality in the Financial Sector Inequality based on gender is an ongoing ethical issue that many women still face in the workplace. Gender inequality refers to unfair treatment and perceptions on another person’s gender and tends to happen a lot in many different companies and organizations. These types of inequality can range from women getting paid less then men or women not chosen for high positions in companies such as CEOs. As Hannah Gould points out in her newspaper article, â€Å"WeRead MoreKey Women s Issues Of Hr1501 Words   |  7 PagesKey Women’s Issues in HR â€Å"We have to pass pay equity for women workers. It is not acceptable that women are making 78 cents an hour compared to men,† said democratic candidate Bernie Sanders in a speech to the National Press Club in March of this year. 52 years after the Equal Pay Act was passed, working women in the United States still face a gender pay gap no matter what career they are in and while we have made progress since 1963, recently any improvement on the wage disparity has remainedRead MoreGender Pay Gap : Inequity, Work And Society1482 Words   |  6 PagesGender Pay Gap: Inequity, Work and Society In Australia over the last 20 years, it is documented that a person’s income and wages, differs based on one’s gender, known as the gender pay gap (The Conversation, 2017; Workplace Gender Equality Agency (WGEA), 2017c). This paper will discuss what a gender pay gap is, various economic explanations for this gap, summarise sociological responses, and identify possible policy recommendations and their implications. The gender pay gap is generally measuredRead MoreEffects Of Gender On Hiring Practices1665 Words   |  7 PagesT’Asia Bell Mr. Elliott 11/24/14 Period: 3 Invisible Ceiling: The Effects of Gender on Hiring Practices in Business While gender inequality in business has improved over the years, there are still many encounters in the workplace in which women are discriminated against based solely on the fact that they are female. If you go back a few decades, when the iconic figure Rosie the Riveter was famous for it’s legendary propaganda campaign. Rosie delivered a message around the nation that targeted womenRead MoreEqual Pay And The Issue Of Ladybucks Essay928 Words   |  4 PagesEqual Pay and the Issue of â€Å"Ladybucks† No matter your gender, profession or where you live, you are affected by the gender pay gap. Gender inequality refers to the unequal treatment or perceptions of individuals based on their gender. (NYC Gender, 1). According to the report prepared by the Joint Economic Committee in April 2016, â€Å"The ratio of women’s to men’s median earnings – known as the â€Å"gender earnings ratio† is approximately 79 percent. That leaves a difference in earnings of 21 percentRead MoreThe Gender Pay Gap1639 Words   |  7 PagesThe Gender Pay Gap PROBLEM Introduction The pay gap between men and women has fallen quite dramatically over the past 30 years though a sizeable gap still remains, but this headline figure masks some less positive developments in recent years. We are used to each generation of women making progress relative to the one before, but this process has slowed slightly with the better than the previous one(Centre Piece Summer 2006). The gender pay gap measures the earning differences between

The Effect of TV News Crime and Violence Essay - 830 Words

The Effect of TV News Crime and Violence Television news, due primarily to its obsession with crime and violence, definitely has a negative impact upon our society. TV news is basically an oxymoron; giving us the skin of the truth stuffed with a lie. A news program should be focused on the facts, with perhaps some objective analysis. However, for business purposes, TV news broadcasts use dramatic, usually violent stories and images to capture and maintain an audience, under the pretense of keeping it informed. What we see and hear on the news affects us both consciously and subconsciously, and sends us about our lives unnecessarily fearing the remote dangers that we see excessively portrayed†¦show more content†¦The world news shows are virtually indistinguishable from local news, both leading with blood and guts. Clearly, advertising revenue and the constant pressure to keep the viewers tuned to the station are the driving forces behind the dumbing down of TV news. News producers must figure that if they can scare the wits out of people, the people will be more inclined to watch the disproportionate prominence of gore and violence on daily TV news broadcasts. They are experts at creating a visual entertainment package that appeals to our instinctive enthrallment with the horrendous. It interests us, captivates us3/4 were riveted. In a way, we experience vicariously the very things we dread. These stories are a highly charged, visceral experience for viewers, and when one of them breaks, there isnt a TV station thats not covering it or a person that isnt talking about it. Journalistically, violent crime pays; its cheap to report and it grabs attention. Common sense dictates that stations whose newscasts stress crime-and-violence reporting can cut staff (fewer are needed because the visuals and story line are provided by the events) and improve ratings at the same time (the visuals are compelling for viewers). This In fact, crime coverage seems to dominate the availableShow MoreRelatedMedia Effects On The Media Essay1273 Words   |  6 Pagestelevision (TV), however many experts feel we are constantly affected by the media whether we think we are or not. Theorists believe that too much media exposure can lead to knowledge, attitudes or behavioural changes within a society, this is called ‘media effects’ (Kuehn, â€Å"Media Effects†). These media effects consists of several Paradigms, a Paradigm is described as â€Å"a typical pattern or model† (Kuehn, â€Å"Media Effects†). The Paradigms this essay will consist of are called the ‘New Effects Paradigm’Read More The Effects of Violence in the Media Essay1528 Words   |  7 Pages The Effects of Violence In the Media nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;â€Å"Someone just got shoot on the streets due to the violence in the media.† That is what some people are saying that violence in the media is the cause of that. The controversy of the effects that violence has on people has been going on for a long time. This paper is going to prove both sides of the controversy and let one decide which side is right. nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;Violence is on the news and on everyday action showsRead MoreThe Criminal Justice System: Media Violence and Social Justice724 Words   |  3 Pagesaspects such as the due process, restorative justice, crime control and social justice models. Criminal justice contains both historical and social content of crime. This article discusses a claim made by many journals, articles and the entertainment results. The claim states that children and adults who are exposed to the media are aggressive and violent. According to such articles, violent content provokes aggressive behavior and violence. Ferguson illustrates that watching satanic content, likeRead MoreThe Effects Of Media Violence On Families809 Words   |  4 PagesEnglish 9 March 2017 How Media Violence is Affecting Families Often times parents overlook the fact of watching television as a subtle act without any true consequences. Children watch â€Å"TV†. However watching media over time takes a toll on the young mind. Many young children view television and other forms of media on a daily basis. With how society defines entertainment nowadays, there is bound to be negative and violent content on every child’s new smart â€Å"TV†. In many renowned studies it hasRead MoreTV To Blame For Rising Violence Essay examples932 Words   |  4 PagesTV to blame for rising violence, says police chief an article taken from the Times on 28th June 2002. The article describes how the content of what young people are watching of television is responsible for rises in criminal behaviours amongst young people. One assumption is that young people are susceptible to the influence of television. In the article Matthew Baggott, the deputy chief constable states of young people, `They are very vulnerable to the influences of the media. nbsp;ThisRead MoreIn many ways, Television has proved to be one of the worst inventions of modern times. All too often, Television is harmful because of the shows it broadcasts and the way it is used in the home1544 Words   |  7 Pagesmost families. Although there are many excellent programs, many people think television is one of the worst inventions of modern times. All too often, television is harmful because of the shows it broadcasts, the effect it has on people, and the way it is used in homes. First, heavy TV viewing leads to poor school performance. Most television broadcasters show a variety of programs 24 hours a day, giving the viewers a 24-hour service. More time spent watching these shows is linked with poorer schoolRead More Children, Media, and Violence Essay1431 Words   |  6 PagesThe evidence is overwhelming. To argue against it, the link between media violence and teen violence is like arguing against gravity, said Jeffrey McIntyre, legislative and federal affairs officer for the American Psychological Association. As children are exposed to acts of violence in the media through television, video games, music, movies, etc. alarming results are occurring. The main negative effect being an increase in aggression among youth who are regularly exposed to the media and anRead MoreResearch Paper- Negative Effects on Children by Watching Tv1740 Words   |  7 Pagesdo contribute to violence in this country. -- UPN president Dean Valentine in 1999 after a 7-year-old child in Dallas killed his little brother with a clothesline maneuver he had seen on a wrestling show. One fact should not be in dispute: TV is violent! Guns, shootings, murders, hitting, punching, slapping, screaming, kicking, stabbing, explosions, car chases, car smashes, disasters and death are shown daily throughout TV programming. Most violence is not even in nightly news programs and nearlyRead MoreBy The Time Someone Is 18, They Have Already Seen About1157 Words   |  5 PagesBy the time someone is 18, they have already seen about 200,000 violent acts by watching TV (â€Å"Television†). As children grow up, they spend a lot of their time in front on the television. They learn from what they can see. The problem is that a lot of violence is shown on TV. This exposes children to actions that they should not see until they are old enough to understand what is happening. The violence in movies and television affect society’s children’s way of growing up because they are exposedRead MoreEssay about Violence on Television1246 Words   |  5 PagesViolence on Television Today’s society is heavily influenced by television. The violence disrupts a child’s learning process and can alter the moral beliefs that an older person has. Children view more violence on Saturday mornings than any other time. The cartoons aimed at little children influence youngsters to mimic violent acts because their parents do not fully explain the effects of the stunts. It is pathetic that in such a technology based society, such a simple thing as television can

New Children Hospital

Question: Write an essay on Opening new children hospital in Melbourne. Answer: Introduction For a proper project scope, there is a need to design, construct and properly equip with the secured funds for construction. The major objectives needs to be that the work is completed in a particular time frame in the budget allocated. This is important to earn the adequate return on the investment which assures the timely supply of the products. The customers of the project are mainly the children who are not getting a proper treatment facility. Detailed project schedule The project schedule needs to confirm the project plan with efficient services of the hospital. These are important for handling the market size with the service quality as well as the preparation of the cost estimates. This is important for the verification of the cash flow as well as the feasibility of the project. The land acquisition is mainly to carry the development of site in order to evaluate and negotiate the acquisitions of the land in order to set for the approvals and the permits. This is mainly for arranging water, electricity along with architectural drawings. There is a need to obtain the approval for planned construction with medical science to supply the water authority. The preparation of the master plans is to select and prepare the floor wise layout plan with different details of the construction. These are having specifications of the flooring, fittings as well as the electrical cables layout. A proper carryout is for the different activities at the site with the selection of the OP Block, clinical block, ICU Block, admin block, children playing room, doctors block, lab block, and General ward. The equipment are depending on the vendor quotations, contracting with the vendors as well as the other medical contracts. The furnishings are based on preparation of the master plans with the installed reception, room furniture, ICU and the room of doctors. The recruitment has been done of the trained doctors, nurse, accountant, HR and the drivers. The marketing is through the printing media pamphlets, newspapers and outdoor advertisements. Project cost schedule It has been seen that there will be a proper inflow of the cash as per the expected patients per day-10. The average charge for the appointment will be 100 and for emergency as 300 INR. The staff may not be completely professional to handle all the equipment with a proper care. There have been resources which are not seen to be delivered in time. Certain constraints of time are set for the recruitments and the selection of the staff. There has been a complete mismatch of the demand and the supply where the loan sanctions are generally delayed from the banks with the different political change. The constraints are measured by the competition with the other localised private health sectors where the hospitals seem to be cheap and the doctors are generally looking for charging a higher fees. The planning of the hospital is based on handling the facilities and its assess to the different needs of the area. For a better children hospital care centre, there is a need to focus on strategic planning along with project implementation which will help in setting a proper level of the feasibility patterns. Reference Schwalbe, K. (2015).Information technology project management. Cengage Learning. Walker, A. (2015).Project management in construction. John Wiley Sons. Verzuh, E. (2015).The fast forward MBA in project management. John Wiley Sons.

Types and forms of FDI Essay Example

Types and forms of FDI Paper Foreign direct investment (FDI) is a direct investment into production or business in a country by an individual or company of another country, either by buying a company in the target country or by expanding operations of an existing business in that country. Foreign direct investment is in contrast to portfolio investment which is a passive investment in the securities of another country such as stocks and bonds. Foreign Direct Investment as any flow of lending to, or purchase of ownership in a foreign enterprise that is largely owned by the residents of the investing company. It may take the form of Cash, securities, plant, equipment, and other factors of production, such as managerial skills, technology, or know how. FDI usually involves some combination of the above. The transfer of this package of capital assets as well as the retention of control is what distinguishes FDI from portfolio investment. Foreign Direct Investment is generally classified into fives types which is: 1. Inward Foreign Direct Investment 2. Outward Foreign Direct Investment 3. Horizontal Foreign Investment 4. Vertical Foreign Investment 5. Platform Foreign Investment Inward FDI: An inward investment involves an external or foreign entity either investing in or purchasing the goods of a local economy. A common type of inward investment is a foreign direct investment (FDI). This occurs when one company purchases another business or establishes new operations for an existing business in a country different than the investing companys origin. In this case investment of foreign resources is local resources. We will write a custom essay sample on Types and forms of FDI specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Types and forms of FDI specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Types and forms of FDI specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer The factors encourages the growth of Inward FDI contains relaxation of existent regulations, tax breaks, loans on low rates of interest etc. Outward FDI : A business strategy where a domestic firm expands its operations to a foreign country either via a Green field investment, merger/acquisition and/or expansion of an existing foreign facility. Employing outward direct investment is a natural progression for firms as better business opportunities will be available in foreign countries when domestic markets become too saturated. Outward Foreign direct investment is also referred to as direct investment abroad. In this case it is the local capital, which is being invested in some foreign resource. Outward FDI may lso find use in the import and export dealings with a foreign country. Horizontal FDI : Foreign direct investment by a firm to establish manufacturing facilities in multiple countries, all producing essentially the same thing but for their respective domestic or nearby markets. Horizontal FDI refers to the foreign manufacturing of products and services roughly similar to those the firm produces in its home market. This type of FDI is called horizontal because the multinational duplicates the same activities in different countries. Horizontal FDI arises because it s too costly to serve the foreign market by exports due to transportation costs or trade barriers. in multiple countries, each producing a different input to, or stage of, the firms production process. Vertical FDI refers to those multinationals that fragment production process geographically. It is called because MNE separates the production chain vertically by outsourcing some production stages abroad. The basic idea behind the analysis of this type of FDI is that a production process consists of multiple stages with different input requirements. If input prices varies across ountries, it becomes profitable for the firm to split the production chain. Vertical FDI consists of two groups: backward and forward vertical FDI. In case of backward FDI multinational enterprise establishes its own supplier of input goods which delivers inputs to the parent company. Conducting forward FDI, the firm builds up a foreign affiliate, which draws inputs from the parent company for own production, thus staying after the parent in the production chain. Platform FDI : Foreign direct investment from a source country into a destination country for the purpose of exporting to a third country. Horizontal FDI decreases international trade as the product of them is usually aimed at host country; the two other types generally act as a stimulus for it. Green Field Investment direct investment in new facilities or the expansion of existing facilities. Greenfield investments are the primary target of a host nations promotional efforts because they create new production capacity and Jobs, transfer technology and know-how, and can lead to linkages to the global marketplace. However, it often does this by crowding out local industry; multinationals are able to produce goods more cheaply because of advanced technology and efficient processes) and uses up resources (labor, intermediate goods, etc). Another downside of greenfield investment is that profits from production do not feed back into the local economy, but instead to the multinationals home economy. This is in contrast to local industries whose profits flow back into the domestic economy to promote growth. Mergers And Acquisition occur when a transfer of existing assets from local firms to foreign firms takes place, this is the primary type of FDI. Cross-border mergers occur when the assets and operation of firms from different countries are combined to stablish a new legal entity. Cross-border acquisitions occur when the control of assets and operations is transferred from a local to a foreign company, with the local company becoming an affiliate of the foreign company. Unlike greenfield investment, acquisitions provide no long term benefits to the local economy even in most deals the owners of the local firm are paid in stock from the acquiring firm, meaning that the money from the sale could never reach the local economy. Nevertheless, mergers and acquisitions are a significant form of FDI and until around 1997, accounted for nearly 90% of the FDI flow into the United States.

Evolution of the submarine, as a technology, and it role in the American identity essays

Evolution of the submarine, as a technology, and it role in the American identity essays There is always a love for adventure in most men and the feelings must be the highest in a land of pioneers, the United States; and this spirit will naturally find its best expression in a situation where the unknown is the highest - in the land filled with dark still sea waters. Americans have had a historic association with the submarines and the fleet celebrated its centenary in the year 2000, for which the preparations had been going on for a long time. The first submarine of the country was accepted by the Navy on a day in spring of the year 1900. This ship was known as the submarine boat called USS Holland and is numbered as (SS 1). The acceptance was of course after a lot of trials. These were so extensive that the pioneer had to sell his shipyard to his battery supplier, and under the new ownership the yard supplied a large number of ships to the navy. The demonstration trials were held off Mount Vernon on the Potomac River. The submarine was only 54 foot long and was incapable of going out into the open sea. The spirit of the submariner has always had this strange ongoing battle with the elements for superiority over nature, with the aid of technology. (Fleet Ballistic Missile Submarines - SSBN) This may be said to be the principle problem and reflected in the form of improvement of underwater endurance and performance. This is more determined by the ship than by the individual. In the beginning this caused a lot of difficulties in the design of the submarine itself. The United States is a relatively young country and the first record of submarine activity is from the Nile Valley in Egypt. There we are able to see many wall paintings that show people hunting ducks with spears for the birds. They are not chasing them on land, but slowly moving up to them hidden in the depths of...

Scholarships for African American Students

Paying for college can be a challenge for many students. While financial aid can alleviate some of the burden, many students may need some extra support. (For more advice on how to navigate the financial aid process, check out FAFSA, CSS Profile, IDOC, Oh My: A Guide to Financial Aid .) Scholarships can help you out. These monetary awards assist students with paying for postsecondary education. Some are need-based, meaning students must demonstrate that they have a financial need for help paying for college. Others are merit-based, meaning they are given based on students’ achievements. To learn more about the different types of scholarships available, read What You Need to Know for a Successful Scholarship Season . While there are many scholarships available to which nearly anyone can apply if they are planning on attending an institution of higher education, some are geared towards students with particular interests or certain minority populations. In this post, we will look at scholarships for African American students. The below scholarships are specifically targeted to African American students. Some of them have a financial need component, but most are merit-based. Click on the links provided to learn more about particular scholarships, including deadlines and other application details, and keep in mind that this list is not exhaustive. Estimating your chance of getting into a college is not easy in today’s competitive environment. Thankfully, with our state-of-the-art software and data, we can analyze your academic and extracurricular profile and estimate your chances. Our profile analysis tool can also help you identify the improvement you need to make to enter your dream school. Some individual colleges offer scholarships for students of specific minorities who attend their schools. Be sure to investigate whether they are available at the colleges on your lists and how to apply for them. Some African American fraternities and sororities may offer scholarships for members of their organizations. Talk to your group and leaders to find out more. If you are in a club or organization for African American students, speak the organization’s leader or adviser for advice on applying for scholarships. He or she may have ideas or know of organizations that provide awards to specific minorities. Be sure to also check out the website of the organizations in which you’re involved for scholarship opportunities. Finally, speak to a teacher or guidance counselor. He or she may have ideas of other resources for finding scholarships. To learn about how to apply for scholarships and resources to help in your scholarship search, read some of ’s posts below: Looking for help with your college applications? Check out our College Application Guidance Program. When you sign up for our program, we carefully   pair you with the perfect admissions specialist based on your current academic and extracurricular profile and the schools in which you’re interested. Your personal specialist will help you with branding, essays, and interviews, and provide you with support and guidance in all other aspects of the application process. Learn more about the program here .

The effects of human cloning Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

The effects of human cloning - Essay Example Human cloning is also faces the risk of being misused, and is shows a lack of respect for the individuals involved as well as respect for the mystery of procreation of human beings. Moreover, it lead to serious psychological problems for both the parent and the child. Other problems have to do with that its long-term effects are unidentified, it poses concerns regarding lack of originality, individuality, identity formation, gender identity, identification, as well as problems to do with cognitive development and social emotional development. Introduction Cloning is a reproduction method that refers to the asexual production of genetically identical organisms either through nuclear transfer, which has to do with the substitution of a nucleus in the egg by another nucleus, or through the division of an embryo. Cloning involves copying or duplicating an individual or a cell from its DNA, and the result is a clone. Cloning in animals is attained through embryonic cloning where a fertili zed egg is split into two or more parts at a very early embryonic stage, yielding two or more identical beings. It is also attained through somatic cloning where identical beings are produced from adult animals’ cells – under specified conditions, an anucleated ovum fertilizes a somatic cell’s nucleus leading to cell division, and it becomes a fetus. For decades, people have done cloning in dozens plants (vegetables and fruits) by deliberately reproducing genetic replicas of parents with desirable qualities as well as quantities. However, the first successful attempt of cloning in mammals is exemplified by formation of a Scottish sheep called Dolly through a process known as somatic cell nuclear transfer. This grabs the attention of scientists – they thought that if plants and animals could be cloned, there was a possibility that humans too could be cloned (Yadav & Sharma, 2011 and Islam, et al. 2012). Yadav and Sharma (2011) explain that a geneticist kno wn as Joshua Lederberg, is credited coming up with the prospects and promise of human cloning. Today, â€Å"human cloning has become a real possibility† with the rise of reproductive cloning technology – through it, parents are given the ability â€Å"to choose a desirable genotype for one’s offspring† (Shapshay, 2012) or the ability to exercise their control/desires on the identity of the children they want to have. Yadav and Sharma (2011) identify three types of cloning. The first one is reproductive cloning, which produces an individual that has identical nuclear DNA as the parent. Reproductive cloning uses somatic cell transfer process as discussed in previously. The second type of cloning is DNA Cloning or Recombinant DNA Technology, which is done by cell- based technique, a process that involves cutting off DNA fragment from the chromosomal DNA and attaching it to a plasmid. The gene of interests is attached to its vector forming a recombination DNA molecule. DNA Cloning or Recombinant DNA Technology, is also done using polymerase chain reaction technique whereby when all cells divide, enzymes known as polymerases create a copy of the whole DNA in every chromosome. The two DNA chains of the double helix are separated making a copy, each strand acting as a template. This technique is faster and uses a very small portion of target DNA. The third type of cloning is therapeutic cloning, referred also to as embryo cloning, somatic cell nuclear transfer, research cloning, cloning for biomedical research or cell